Java之Spring mvc详解

文章大纲 一、Spring mvc介绍二、Spring mvc代码实战三、项目源码下载四、参考文章   一、Spring mvc介绍 1. 什么是springmvc   springmvc是spring框...

文章大纲

一、Spring mvc介绍
二、Spring mvc代码实战
三、项目源码下载
四、参考文章

 

一、Spring mvc介绍

1. 什么是springmvc

  springmvc是spring框架的一个模块,springmvc和spring无需通过中间整合层进行整合。springmvc是一个基于mvc的web框架。

 

2. mvc设计模式在b/s系统 下的应用

 

3. Spring mvc框架执行流程

 

  第一步:发起请求到前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
  第二步:前端控制器请求HandlerMapping查找 Handler,可以根据xml配置、注解进行查找,通过@RequestMapping(value = "/test")中的test进行查找
  第三步:处理器映射器HandlerMapping向前端控制器返回Handler
  第四步:前端控制器调用处理器适配器去执行Handler
  第五步:处理器适配器去执行Handler
  第六步:Handler执行完成给适配器返回ModelAndView
  第七步:处理器适配器向前端控制器返回ModelAndView,ModelAndView是springmvc框架的一个底层对象,包括 Model和view
  第八步:前端控制器请求视图解析器去进行视图解析,根据逻辑视图名解析成真正的视图(jsp)
  第九步:视图解析器向前端控制器返回View
  第十步:前端控制器进行视图渲染,视图渲染将模型数据(在ModelAndView对象中)填充到request域
  第十一步:前端控制器向用户响应结果

4. Spring mvc组件介绍

(1)前端控制器DispatcherServlet(不需要程序员开发)
作用接收请求,响应结果,相当于转发器,中央处理器。
有了DispatcherServlet减少了其它组件之间的耦合度。

(2)处理器映射器HandlerMapping(不需要程序员开发)
作用:根据请求的url查找Handler

(3)处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
作用:按照特定规则(HandlerAdapter要求的规则)去执行Handler

(4)处理器Handler(需要程序员开发)
注意:编写Handler时按照HandlerAdapter的要求去做,这样适配器才可以去正确执行Handler

(5)视图解析器View resolver(不需要程序员开发)
作用:进行视图解析,根据逻辑视图名解析成真正的视图(view)

(6)视图View(需要程序员开发jsp)
View是一个接口,实现类支持不同的View类型(jsp、freemarker、pdf...)

二、Spring mvc代码实战

  Spring mvc常见使用功能有数据交互方式(ModelAndView和JSON)、静态资源的解析、参数校验、全局异常处理、拦截器、上传图片等。

1. 创建maven的javaweb项目

文章重点在于讲解Spring mvc功能,因此创建项目方式不进行深入讲解,创建后的项目目录如下:

 

2. Spring mvc基本配置

2.1 在pom.xml添加maven依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>springmvc_demo</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name/> <description/> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <!-- spring版本号 --> <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.openejb</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>5.0-1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 分页 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>4.1.4</version> </dependency> <!--测试包--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- c3p0数据库连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- commons工具包 --> <!--图片上传相关的--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId> <version>1.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-net</groupId> <artifactId>commons-net</artifactId> <version>3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-validator</groupId> <artifactId>commons-validator</artifactId> <version>1.4.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging-api</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-pool</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId> <version>1.6</version> </dependency> <!-- 添加spring核心依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>dom4j</groupId> <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId> <artifactId>xstream</artifactId> <version>1.4.9</version> </dependency> <!-- 日志相关工具类导入 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.1.7</version> </dependency> <!-- validation校验--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> <version>1.1.0.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- validation校验--> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.4.0.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> 

2.2 web.xml中配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <display-name></display-name> <!-- 解决post请求中文乱码 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- (1)DispatcherServlet是前端控制器设计模式的实现,提供Spring Web MVC的集中访问点, 而且负责职责的分派,而且与Spring IoC容器无缝集成 (2)load-on-startup:表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet; (3)url-pattern:表示哪些请求交给Spring Web MVC处理, “/” 是用来定义默认servlet映射的。 也可以如“*.html”表示拦截所有以html为扩展名的请求。 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- 如果不配置contextConfigLocation,则默认加载WEB-INFO下面的applicationContext.xml --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- 配置方式有几种 1. *.action,可以访问以.action结尾,由DispatcherServlet进行解析 2. /,所有访问的地址由DispatcherServlet进行解析,对于静态文件的解析需要配置不让DispatcherServlet进行解析 3. /*,这样配置不对,使用这种配置,最终要转发到一个jsp页面,仍然由DispatcherServlet解析jsp,不能根据jsp找到Handler,结果错误 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> 

温馨提示:上面代码中解决了POST中文乱码问题,且添加了前端控制器等相应配置。

2.3 中文乱码解决
POST方式乱码解决办法是在web.xml中添加以下代码

    <!-- 解决post请求中文乱码 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> 

GET方式乱码解决方法如下:
(1)修改tomcat配置文件添加编码与工程编码一致,如下:

<Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" connectionTimeout="20000" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/> 

(2)ISO8859-1是tomcat默认编码,需要将tomcat编码后的内容按utf-8编码

String userName = new String(request.getParamter("userName").getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8") 

2.4 resources文件夹下配置
新建配置文件logback.xml进行日志配置

<!-- ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter  临界值过滤器, 过滤掉低于指定临界值的日志
ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter   将过滤器的日志级别配置为INFO,所有INFO级别的日志交给appender处理,非INFO级别的日志,被过滤掉。 -->
<configuration>
    <property name="APP_Name" value="ssm_Demo" /> //这里为此项目的日志文件夹名 <property name="log.dir" value="F:/home"></property> //这里为日志的存储地址 <timestamp key="bySecond" datePattern="yyyyMMdd HHmmss"/> <contextName>${APP_Name}</contextName> <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{85} [%file:%line] - %msg%n</Pattern> </layout> </appender> <!-- 按日期和大小区分的滚动日志 --> <appender name="FILE_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <encoder> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{85} - %msg%n</Pattern> </encoder> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"> <level>INFO</level> <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch> <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch> </filter> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <fileNamePattern>${log.dir}/${APP_Name}/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern> <maxHistory>30</maxHistory> <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP"> <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize> </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <!-- 按日期和大小区分的滚动日志 --> <appender name="FILE_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <!-- 必须指定,否则不会往文件输出内容 --> <encoder> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{85} - %msg%n</Pattern> </encoder> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"> <level>DEBUG</level> <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch> <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch> </filter> <!-- 必需要指定rollingPolicy 与 triggeringPolicy 属性 否则不会生成文件--> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <fileNamePattern>${log.dir}/${APP_Name}/debug/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern> <maxHistory>30</maxHistory> <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP"> <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize> </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <!-- error级别只按日期滚动生成日志 --> <appender name="FILE_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <!-- 必须指定,否则不会往文件输出内容 --> <encoder> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{85} - %msg%n</Pattern> </encoder> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"> <level>ERROR</level> <!-- <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch> <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>--> </filter> <!-- 必需要指定rollingPolicy 与 triggeringPolicy 属性 否则不会生成文件--> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <fileNamePattern>${log.dir}/${APP_Name}/error/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern> <maxHistory>30</maxHistory> <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP"> <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize> </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy> </rollingPolicy> <!-- 默认值是10MB。 --> <!-- <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy"> <maxFileSize>5MB</maxFileSize> </triggeringPolicy> --> </appender> <!-- 滚动记录文件 --> <appender name="MONITOR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <encoder> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{85} - %msg%n</Pattern> </encoder> <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"> <level>DEBUG</level> </filter> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <fileNamePattern>${log.dir}/${APP_Name}/monitor/monitor.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern> <maxHistory>30</maxHistory> <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP"> <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize> </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy> </rollingPolicy> </appender> <logger name="org" level="INFO" /> <!--将org包下面的所有日志级别设为了ERROR --> <logger name="monitor" additivity="false" level="DEBUG" /> <logger name="monitor" additivity="false" level="DEBUG"> <appender-ref ref="MONITOR" /> </logger> <root level="DEBUG"> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> <appender-ref ref="FILE_INFO" /> <appender-ref ref="FILE_DEBUG" /> //上线时 这个需注释掉,debug级别的日志 <appender-ref ref="FILE_ERROR" /> </root> </configuration> 

添加spring mvc的xml配置
  在resources文件夹下新建spring文件夹,新建applicationContext.xml文件进行总的配置加载

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 这样classpath:properties目录下的.properties文件就会被spring加载 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/*.properties"/> <!-- 对于spring配置文件的编写,我想,对于经历过庞大项目的人,都有那种恐惧的心理,太多的配置文件。 不过,分模块都是大多数人能想到的方法,但是,怎么分模块,那就是仁者见仁,智者见智了。我的策略是使用import。 下面的配置, 再resources/spring目录下的以applicationContext开头的xml文件将全部被加载 --> <import resource="applicationContext-*.xml"/> </beans> 

新建applicationContext-web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.spring
						 
						                      
					
           
                    
  • 发表于 2019-04-25 09:20
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